Language: Deutsch
In this article:
- What is the selection process?
- How is the sociocratic selection process different?
- Steps in a sociocratic election
- Using the selection process for other decisions than roles
- Frequently asked questions about sociocratic elections
- Engaging with emotional challenges during the selection process
What is the selection process?
One of the richest processes in sociocracy, the selection process is sociocracy’s tool for electing people into leadership and other roles, known as the sociocratic selection process. It is also the process that diverges most from what we are used to doing. There are many reasons to love the sociocratic selection process:
- The selection process has the potential to create a wonderful connecting experience for the group
- It has the potential to spread power and develop new leadership
- The process is time efficient
- It is an opportunity to learn about each other in the circle
The election process in sociocracy is one of the most magical processes I am aware of. We often call elections selections but it describes more precisely what we do: we select someone amongst us to fill a role.
How is the sociocratic selection process different?
Elections in sociocracy are very different from secret ballot majority vote. Even though we consider the right to secret ballot a foundation of democracy, transparency held with care brings elections to a new level. In general, an election is just a normal proposal, just that the proposal sounds like “XZY be facilitator”, or whatever role you are selecting for.
The structure of a selection process is like the one of proposal shaping and consenting to any other proposal. Together we come up with a proposal. This is not an individual process but a group process where we learn from one another and influence each other. Once the proposal is ready, we seek consent. In cases where there are objections, we deal with the objections until everyone can consent to the proposal.
What makes sociocratic elections so different from other ways of elections is that they are open and transparent. The sociocratic election process rests on the principles of sociocracy, in that transparency and feedback enable us to learn. Elections are a wonderful opportunity for more learning and more connection in any group.
We do acknowledge that since the sociocratic way of elections is so different from what we are used to, some people have a hard time with it. We will address the challenges further below and show what we think lies underneath those challenges.
Steps in a sociocratic selection process
In this section:
- Define role
- Define term
- Gather qualifications for role
- Note down nomination
- Selection process change round
- Facilitator proposes a candidate
- Consent round
This graphic shows the different steps of a sociocratic selection. A selection process begins with the facilitator announcing that elections are happening and for what role.
Define role
The group will define the role or review the definition of the role. This is necessary for instance if it is a content role, or if the group is new to sociocracy. If an established group selects an established role like the process roles with no changes, this step is not necessary. It has proven helpful to paraphrase the role in one sentence, however, because you might have people in your circle who are new, or you might have small differences even between circles within the same organization in what tasks are involved. Does the facilitator prepare the agenda with the secretary and the leader, or is there a different agreement? Does the secretary keep the member roster current in case of elections? If you are selecting a delegate, how often does the next-broader circle meet, and/or are there established meeting times/dates? All this might inform the selection process.
The facilitator can ask the circle member currently filling that role to give a 3 sentence overview over the role, like in this example: “We’re filling the role of the facilitator today. In this circle, traditionally the facilitator facilitates the meetings, and sends out a meeting reminder and announces the agenda.” Not everyone in the circle might be aware of who does what and reviewing it increases transparency and learning about your own organization, learning and reviewing along the way is the best strategy even for experienced organizations.
Define term
The next step is to define the term. Oftentimes, in non-sociocratic elections, the term is pre-set. In sociocracy, we set the term intentionally. Why? Because we strive for intentionality in order to adapt to any situation. We will typically have a default, like one year terms. What could be reasons to shorten the term or to make it longer than that?
- To develop leadership by giving more people the opportunity to fill a role. This could be true for an organization that is new to sociocracy and has many people trained, and we want to give everyone a chance to practice their facilitation skills, for instance.
- An organization might extend a term if they don’t feel the need for much change, or they want to calm things down in times of transition. For instance, when there are many other changes, having an experienced facilitator for a long time might give people confidence and comfort.
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Of course there is no harm in selecting someone and re-selecting the same person. When selections are open, transparent and by consent, there is no need for the protection that term limits offer in majority voting. The key phrase here is intentionality and clarity. If you do not select a term, then the proposal is underspecified and unclear. Define a default, and at the very least refer to the default in an explicit way. “We’re selecting a facilitator for this circle, and I propose the term is our default term of one year.”
Gather qualifications for role
Next, the circle will gather qualifications that they think are needed to fill this role. (Again, this is a step that will be skipped or reduced to one sentence in established groups and for established roles.)
You can do rounds with every circle member adding qualifications to the list. What qualities do you think a person filling this role should have? While we have some examples below, be sure to make your list of qualifications specifically for your context. The idea of this step is not only to have those lists for future reference but also to, as a group, focus on what is important for the upcoming election in your group, as these lists will inform your nomination(s). No one person is likely to meet all the desired qualifications perfectly, but you will nominate someone for the role based on these qualifications and not on their popularity or their ability to “buy” votes.
There could be qualifications more specific to your situation, like
- “A facilitator for this circle should have completed the facilitation training”, or
- “The leader for this finance circle should have some accounting experience”, or
- “This time I think we’re ready for someone with only little experience, so experience is not so important this time”
You now know what role you are selecting for, how long the term is suggested to be, and what kind of candidate you are looking for. The role description, term of office and qualifications to consider, by the way, are all policies decided by consent. Your selection proposal is almost complete. The only piece missing is who you would like to propose to fill that role. Make sure to consent to your list and keep it visible to all in the next step so it can inform people’s thinking.
Note down nomination
As a next step, everyone in the circle will now nominate someone for that role. The way this is done in sociocracy is that everyone writes down their own nomination on a little sheet of paper. We offer printable templates for nominations in one of the handouts with our group Sociocracy Basics ELC course, but really, the piece of paper can be empty. The only thing it needs to say is “I, (your name), nominate (name of who you nominate)”. In case you’re filling more than one role at once, indicate what roles you are nominating for.
Share nomination in round
In a round, everyone in the group shares who they nominated and why. This can be a one-sentence statement, or a slightly longer one, depending on the context. One very important detail is that you can nominate yourself! That does not equate volunteering for the job since you need consent from the other circle members to be selected. But if you have good reasons to believe that you are well-qualified for the role, go for it. Your desire to do so is useful information for the circle.
Here are some examples of how what a nomination will sound like if you are selecting a facilitator:
- Sarah: I nominated Yuong because I have seen him facilitate in other circles. He is clear and concise and often explains why we do what, and I enjoy that.
- Peter: nominated Sarah because she is clear, experienced, quick to understand, and she understands process, and those are the qualifications that most people in the group named for a facilitator.
- Victor: I nominated myself because I am looking for some more practice in facilitation after taking the webinar on facilitation, and I think I know enough to do a good job.
- Yuong: I nominated Victor because I want to give him a chance to practice. I have seen that he has worked to widen his skills, and I want to honor that.
Why do we write our nominations down?
The sociocratic nomination process supports broadening your perspective at the beginning of the process. Who would you like to see in that role? Is there information that only you have that is worth sharing? Is there a special angle that informs your perspective? We want to hear everyone’s reasoning without losing information. During the nomination round, it is incredibly tempting to just go with the group energy, especially when you are speaking late in the round. Writing down your nomination will encourage you to share your genuine nomination without getting swayed to soon (or not at all). So often, the best ideas are the ones that seem peripheral at first.
It helps if the facilitator writes down the nominations for themselves, in a grid like this:
Name | Nomination |
Sarah | Yuong |
Peter | Sarah |
Victor | Victor |
Yuong | Victor |
Selection process change round
Now everyone has heard the other people’s ideas and reasons. If you have ever been part of a sociocratic election, you might agree that so many times, other people seem to have the better ideas. This does not mean that you submit to the group will. You do not have to change your mind. The whole group just got a lot of information in the sharing of other people’s reasons. Maybe the information was new, maybe just refreshed and raised in your awareness. In this example, maybe not everybody knew or remembered that Victor had taken a facilitation class. Maybe others have not seen Yuong facilitate yet. Thanks to the nomination round and people sharing their reasons, everyone in the group now knows more than before, and that already is an advantage of this process, not even considering the outcome of an election.
In the change round, every circle member will say who they nominate now, and they share reasons for their change if that applies.
- Sarah: I am staying with my nomination for Yuong because of what I said earlier. I think he is a good facilitator.
- Peter: I am changing my nomination to Victor because I had forgotten that he had taken that class, and I appreciate when people learn more, so I want to give him the opportunity to practice.
- Victor: I am staying with my self-nomination for the reasons stated.
- Yuong: I nominated Victor and I am staying with that. I think it is important to give people experience so we all get better at what we do here.
The facilitator of this selection process now sees this grid (either written or in their mind):
Name | Nomination | Change Round |
Sarah | Yuong | Yuong |
Peter | Sarah | Victor |
Victor | Victor | Victor |
Yuong | Victor | Victor |
Facilitator proposes a candidate
The facilitator will propose a candidate. (By the way, the facilitator can ask someone else in the circle to propose a candidate). In some contexts, many members could fill a role well enough for the needs of the circle. In other contexts, the choice of a particular person to fill a role may be more critical. In this example, the facilitator might propose Victor as a facilitator even though Victor is not the most skilled facilitator in the group.
Consent round
The facilitator presents the proposal and say they are making that proposal. “I propose that Victor be facilitator in this circle, because this would give him experience and he is eager to learn, for a term of one year.” The facilitator then calls for a consent round. Consent means that no one has an objection. You might find yourself in a position where you are asked to consent or object to someone who is not your preference.
Remind yourself that in the nomination round, you are being asked about your preference. In the consent round, you’re asked about your range of tolerance. Only object if you see your participation or the circle’s success impacted by that candidate filling that role. Does, for instance, selecting Victor as a facilitator potentially harms the circle’s work/learning? If so, then object. If not, then consent (on the emotional challenge of objecting to someone, see below).
See a consent process with an objection among the demo videos on the facilitation page.
Integrating objections
If there are objections, do not give up right away, for instance by nominating a different candidate. First check and see if there is a way to turn the no into a yes. For instance, someone might have an objection because the candidate does not have enough experience, and they think experience is an essential qualification in your circle’s situation (the list of qualifications comes in handy here). In that case, figure out if you could get the candidate some extra training, for instance, a webinar on facilitation.
Another way to address an objection is to shorten the time frame; if one circle member is not convinced that Victor is a good candidate to be facilitator, would the objector be willing to try Victor for 3 sessions and schedule an evaluation then? What can we do to move forward on this decision? Remember to go in rounds – tap into group wisdom and be gentle with each other, and you will find a good solution.
The nominee goes last
In the consent round, we always start the consent round in a way so that the nominee goes last. By that time the nominee will have heard all the other circle members consent or object. In sociocracy, we want people to step up into power, and sometimes the confidence and faith of a group give people what it takes to consent to being selected. If the nominee themselves objects, for instance for lack of experience, remind them that the whole group had confidence in them, and ask what they would need to be able to say yes. Don’t push too hard. If there does not seem to be a way forward, the facilitator can nominate someone else. Since the other nominations are still on people’s minds, you don’t have to go through the whole process – just make another nomination proposal and go into a consent round.
If there are no (more) objections, the facilitator will announce the decision. You’re done!
Using the selection process for other decisions than roles
You can use the same process for other decisions, for example: selecting a theme for a retreat, selecting a date for an event, selecting projects that need to be prioritized. The mechanism is the same: giving people a chance to make up their mind, then a nomination round, for example: “I nominate the theme “…” as retreat theme because…”. Then a change round where people can change their mind. Finally, the facilitator makes sure a proposal is made and there is a consent decision with integrated objections.
Frequently asked questions about sociocratic elections
Questions:
- Can we select for more than one role at a time?
- Why don’t we just let people volunteer?
- Can there be objections in a selection process?
- Why not vote?
- What if there is a “tie”?
Can we select for more than one role at a time?
Yes. This makes sense if your choices seem interdependent, such as you want someone to serve as facilitator but only if he or she is not also delegate, or any kind of combination that makes sense in your group and situation.
So how does that work? Modify the selection process so that in the nomination round, people would then say all their nominations. “I nominate Yuong for leader because…., and Peter for delegate because…” and so on. For 2 roles, the grid then looks like this. You can select all roles at the same time.
Name | Nomination | Change Round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
For Role 1 | For Role 2 | For Role 1 | For Role 2 | |
Sarah | Yuong | Peter | Yuong | Peter |
Peter | Sarah | Yuong | Victor | Yuong |
Victor | Victor | Sarah | Victor | Yuong |
Yuong | Victor | Peter | Victor | Peter |
The facilitator might now propose Victor for role 1 and Yuong for role 2, or any other choice that makes sense. It makes sense to combine the proposal (“I propose Victor for role 1 and Yuong for role 2 for the following reasons”). If one of the roles is not as easy to fill, it may make sense to consent to the straightforward one(s) to get that out of the way and then to focus on the election that needs more attention.
Why don’t we just let people volunteer?
Whenever we teach this process, there is someone in the group that asks “Why did we never ask whether that person wants to do that role?” How can we talk about them serving in a role if we don’t know whether they are available and willing?
The short answer is: we don’t have to. They are part of the process and the decision is made by consent. They cannot be forced into a role. So there is no harm in this process but instead a lot of advantages. Asking for willingness at the beginning of the process would reduce our options and would change the energy during the process. We encourage facilitators to remind the group before every election to abstain from making assumptions about people’s willingness or availability.
Candidates are selected based on their qualifications
It makes quite an impression to hear other people talk about how qualified you are for a role. Everyone who has seen several sociocratic elections will agree that it is not unheard of that the individual selected says afterward: “I would have never volunteered for this role, but I was really convinced by all the positive feedback I heard here. I feel honored to fill this role.”
Remember that this is why it is best to start the consent round so that the candidate speaks last. To achieve that, just start the round with the person next to the candidate and pass the round in the opposite direction. That way, the nominated person will get to hear everyone else first. Sociocracy is about shared power, and one way to bring that value to life is to encourage people to take on responsibility.
Another reason to hold elections instead of volunteering is that the basis for the decision of who fills the role is qualification, not willingness. A volunteer might not be the fit person for the job. And the best candidate might not volunteer, so filling roles on a volunteer basis will not get us reliably good results. There is an emotional component to being picked that we are commenting on below.
Can there be objections in a selection process?
Yes. We have already talked about that. There can be objections to any proposal, and selection proposals are no exception. We cannot predict what kind of objections might come up in your group, but typical reasons to object to a selection proposal are: lack of experience, lack of skill and lack of time/attention. However, as with any other proposal and objection, the process does not end here.
A group comes to a decision because there have been good reasons for that proposal. Imagine you have a group where one person is by far the most qualified for the leader. But she is overloaded with other jobs and might actually object to the proposal herself. Then it is everyone’s responsibility to deal with the objection. Consider:
- Could someone help her fill the role?
- Reducing the term. Could she just try it for 3 months and then revisit?
- Could she try for three months with the condition that she teaches two other people how to take on other jobs of hers?
- Are there other roles or tasks she could drop?
Measure the concern
How could we measure that our candidate filling the role works well? Do we do a performance review earlier than usual for the proposal to be safe? Amend the proposal or change the term, until everyone in the circle (and that includes the candidate) can consent to the proposal.
Why not vote?
If we elect an individual into a role by majority vote, then the person with the most votes wins. In general, the issue with majority vote is that in its outcome, up to 49% of the votes are being ignored. Look at the following example.
In this example, “A” and “B” indicate the individuals’ preferences. This is also what they would vote in an election. For majority vote, we would count 4 votes for candidate A, and 3 people for candidate B. In consent, the facilitator might propose candidate A but this vote will not get consent because two people will object. So what looks like a fair vote, ignores objections that people have. If the facilitator proposes candidate B, there will be consent. This scenario shows the difference between consent and majority rule. Majority rule runs the risk of ignoring valuable information in the form of objections while consent pays attention to objections. Sociocracy here focuses on effectiveness – enabling the circle to move forward and make the best decisions based on feedback and amendments over time rather than getting stuck trying to make a perfect decision now.
What if there is a “tie”?
Imagine you have a group of 8 people, and exactly 4 people nominate candidate A, and 4 people nominate candidate B. In majority vote, this would be a tie. You are the facilitator (and you nominated one of those people) – what do you do?
For consent decision-making, you have to know a little more. What is the underlying story? Do we have objections on any side like in scenario 1 below, or do we really have consent for both candidates like in scenario 2?
In scenario 1, proposing candidate A will get us consent but proposing candidate B will bring objections. In scenario 2, you can go either way. Before we go into what to do then, let me point out that if you know the group well, you probably know where people are at. If you don’t, for instance because it is a new group, you don’t necessarily have to find out before you make a proposal, as you will find out when you ask for consent. (There is much more to say about this topic – we will leave it at that for this level.)
Who to propose?
The facilitator’s task is to get the group to come to a decision that everyone can work with. If that is true for both candidates, great. You can also say that. “I am guessing that both candidates could get consent from the group which shows how much skill and trust we have in this group.” Then make a decision, and be specific in your reasoning. Go back to the qualifications and how you would prioritize them. For instance, did we say we wanted to select someone who does not have a lot of experience yet? Then go with the least experienced candidate. Or is there another qualification that makes the difference for you? Always remember: you are looking to find a candidate that everyone can consent to. Your task is not to find the best candidate.
Engaging with emotional challenges during the section process
In this section:
- What if someone’s feelings are hurt during the selection process?
- “What about me?”
- What if facilitator bias affects the selection process?
- Feelings will come up, no matter what
What if someone’s feelings are hurt during the selection process?
But how do you object to a person, maybe even a friend? This is hard, and we can only give you some pointers – doing it will still be uncomfortable. The first thought to keep in mind is that you are not objecting to a person. You are objecting to a person filling a role. You can love a person dearly but their competence in leading, facilitation or writing minutes just does not work for you. In order to give useful feedback or to object, you will have to be more specific. What could that person do differently so it would work for you?
The nominee is not your preference. Or you actually object because XYZ’s facilitation style does not work for you. You might feel torn – speak up at the costs of hurting feelings or consent at the cost of not being authentic. As a first step, try to detach from your personal preference. We easily forget, but the question is not “do I want this circle member to fill the role?” The question is, “If this person fills the role, does that affect you negatively in doing your job?” If the answer is yes, then you have to object.
A personal story
A friend of mine was nominated for facilitator. I was not happy. I did not want her to be facilitator. “Whenever she facilitates, we never get anything done,” was the judgement I was sitting with. Her style is too loose, and we’ll just round and round circle without outcome”. I was judging, not seeing what my own needs are. That lack of clarity kept me from giving constructive feedback. If you are clear about what you need, you can give very clear input that is easy to hear.
In this scenario, it could sound like this: “You all know about me that I really value effective meetings. I get impatient when things are not moving, and I realize I get more impatient more easily that most of you. I am concerned that it will be hard for me to sit through meetings. Can we make a deal? I am fine with XYZ facilitating if I can voice when things are moving too slowly for me and be sure I am heard and considered.”
Now consider a round where people assure me they will hear me when I get impatient. I did not object to XYZ, instead our circle just grew in mutual understanding. Of course, if I don’t trust that the circle will support me, or if XYZ’s facilitation style really affects my work or the work of the circle, I will have to address it differently. The important pointer in this story is: own your own stuff first.
Giving feedback during the selection process
There is a huge difference between those two statements: “Your facilitation is muddy and ineffective” vs. “I just need facilitation to be clear and crisp so I don’t lose track of what we’re doing, that just makes it easier for me to be productive in meetings.” If you want, add a doable request and play the ball into the circle’s field. Another way to look at it is that feedback may trigger another person’s hurt feeling but the feedback is not the cause. The cause of the pain is the receiver’s interpretation. Feedback, when delivered with care, is a gift.
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“What about me?”
In the nomination process, it is hard for some if they are not nominated although, quietly, they consider themselves right for the job. There is a lot to be said about this, but one short answer is: nominate yourself. Another answer is that the selection process is not about nominating everyone who would be appropriate for the job. In an experienced group, everyone might be “good enough” to be facilitator. Nominations do not have to cover every potential candidate in the room even if it can feel like they should. Also, remind yourself that selections are not a popularity contest. Even if you are not considered a great facilitator/leader/… you will still have a valuable role in the circle.
In a safe group, we strongly encourage making yourself vulnerable. “This selection process was hard for me. I wanted my name to be among the nominations, and I wanted to be needed and considered. I understand that this is not about popularity but I do want to just let you know that this was hard.” You could even ask for a quick round of people telling you what you bring to the circle or ask for suggestions about how you could improve your skills so that people would feel confident proposing you for that role in the future.
Benefits of vulnerable communication
That’s a matter of 5-10 minutes of meeting time. Why would it be worth spending those 5 minutes? Because it creates a sense of connection, trust and respect in the circle which is the basis for your collaboration. If you wanted to do a community-building exercise to build trust, you’d be very willing to spend the time on that – so why not go with a real moment? If all circle members would learn over time that they can be human in their collaboration as walk the talk, you would make an immense contribution to your organization.
What if facilitator bias affects the selection process?
Another challenge is if the facilitator is very attached to a particular outcome (that is not only true for the selection process). In that case, the facilitator can own their own bias and can ask someone else to facilitate that part of the meeting. Anyone who owns being biased will earn a lot of trust from any group. In the long run, this will have a healing and connecting effect on any group.
Suggested phrases:
- “I realize that now that I/my dear friend/… is being nominated so often here, that I don’t feel confident that I can do a good or neutral job here, and I don’t want offer reasons to think I am proposing someone for my advantage. Could someone else facilitate this election?”
- “Could someone else make a selection proposal?”
- “Can we do a quick round on whether you think this is too close to home for me?”
If a facilitator repeatedly makes proposals that are uncomfortable for the circle, that feedback should be shared in the meeting evaluation or a separate performance/role improvement review.
Feelings will come up, no matter what
Talking about the challenges of a sociocratic selection process, we can easily forget that majority vote comes with emotional challenges as well. However, we are so used to considering voting “fair” that we do not acknowledge that. Just imagine what it feels like to get only 1 vote while there is a head to head race between two candidates who both got more than 6 votes. Or no votes for you. Sociocracy does not magically make everything comfortable and easy, and it cannot make emotional triggers disappear.
What the Sociocratic process can do, however, is give space to talk about one’s feelings and interpretations. To us, this is part of the package but it is very implicit in sociocracy. For instance, sociocracy offers space in form of a reaction round. You are given “air time” to voice your vulnerability. You still have to do it, the decision-making process does not do it for you. What we notice is that groups can grow, and that courage typically gets appreciated. We always teach sociocracy with a non-violent communication (NVC) framework as a backdrop. If the emotional challenges around any governance decision are hard for your group, we strongly recommend educating your group for communication skills.
In general, we encourage groups to accept and acknowledge that feelings come up when we make decisions together. Better to be open about it than to pretend they are not there.
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